5G Architecture
Understand the 5G network structure, including NG-RAN, 5GC, and how the main functional blocks work together.
5G Architecture Parent hub for NG-RAN, 5GC, interfaces, protocol stack, and VoNR architecture. 5G Architecture Overview Fast conceptual map of UE, NG-RAN, 5GC, SBA, and the main interfaces. 5G RAN (NG-RAN) Architecture Read gNB, CU-DU split, radio bearers, mobility, and NG-RAN structure. gNB in 5G Detailed gNB node view covering NG, Xn, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, mobility, QoS, and access-to-core behavior. 5G NR Mobility Idle, inactive, and connected mobility across measurements, Xn handover, NG handover, and bearer continuity. 5G NR Measurement Configuration How the gNB configures measurement objects, report rules, mappings, filters, and gaps for UE measurement behavior. 5G NR Measurement Events A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, and B2 event logic for measurement-triggered reporting and handover tuning. 5G Dual Connectivity How EN-DC, NR-DC, master nodes, secondary nodes, and split bearers fit into multi-node radio architecture. 5G Radio Bearers SRBs, DRBs, QoS flow to DRB mapping, SDAP, and bearer troubleshooting in NG-RAN. 5G CU-DU Split Detailed split-gNB view covering gNB-CU, gNB-DU, CU-CP, CU-UP, F1, E1, Cloud RAN, and deployment models. 5G Core Network (5GC) Read AMF, SMF, UPF, policy, subscriber, and SBA-oriented core functions. 5G SBA Service-Based Architecture overview for NRF, service discovery, APIs, and the cloud-native design of the 5GC. AMF in 5G Access and Mobility Management Function deep dive for registration, NAS, N1, N2, mobility, and reachability. SMF in 5G Session Management Function deep dive for PDU sessions, N4, PFCP, UPF control, QoS, and data-path steering. UPF in 5G User Plane Function deep dive for N3, N6, PFCP-controlled forwarding, QoS enforcement, and traffic steering. PCF in 5G Policy Control Function deep dive for QoS policy, charging-related rules, SMF interaction, and slice-aware treatment. AF in 5G Application Function deep dive for application-aware QoS influence, PCF interaction, NEF context, and traffic steering. NRF in 5G Network Repository Function deep dive for service registration, service discovery, and dynamic network-function selection. AUSF in 5G Authentication Server Function deep dive for 5G AKA, EAP-AKA', AMF interaction, and 5GS security logic. UDM in 5G Unified Data Management deep dive for subscriber data, authentication support, service entitlements, and AMF / AUSF / SMF interaction. NSSF in 5G Network Slice Selection Function deep dive for slicing, NSSAI, AMF interaction, and slice-aware control behavior. VoNR Architecture Native 5G voice architecture across NR, 5GC, IMS, QoS, and fallback behavior.
5G Interfaces
Explore the main 5G interfaces across the access network, core network, and service-based architecture.
5G Interfaces Open the full 5G interface map across N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N9, F1, E1, and Xn. N1 Interface UE to AMF NAS signaling path for registration, authentication, and UE-facing control. N2 Interface gNB to AMF control-plane path for NGAP, NAS transport, paging, and mobility coordination. N3 Interface gNB to UPF user-plane path for GTP-U, PDU session traffic, and user-plane continuity. N4 Interface SMF to UPF control-plane path for PFCP, session control, QoS rules, and user-plane programming. N11 Interface AMF to SMF control-plane path for session coordination, PDU session control flow, and internal 5GC signaling. Service-Based Interfaces SBI, NRF-based discovery, HTTP/2 service communication, and API-style 5GC interaction. N6 Interface UPF to data-network edge for Internet access, enterprise reachability, IMS access, and external service delivery. N9 Interface UPF to UPF user-plane path for distributed user plane, traffic steering, and multi-UPF architecture. NG Interface Interface family connecting NG-RAN with the 5G Core. Xn Interface Inter-gNB interface for mobility and coordination. F1 Interface CU-DU split interface covering F1-C, F1-U, and F1AP. E1 Interface Split-CU interface covering E1AP, CU-CP, and CU-UP coordination. 5G Architecture Overview Use the architecture map to place interfaces in the full end-to-end system.
5G Protocols
Browse the 5G protocol stack across PHY, MAC, RLC, RRC, NAS, and related signaling layers.
5G Protocols Parent 5G protocol hub for layered protocol reading paths. 5G NR PHY Physical layer overview, numerology, frame structure, channels, and signals. 5G NR MAC Scheduling, random access, HARQ, control elements, and MAC behavior. 5G NR RLC RLC modes, segmentation, reassembly, ARQ, PDU formats, timers, and bearer behavior. 5G NR RRC RRC states, procedures, messages, and radio-control behavior. RACH / Initial Access Cell discovery, PBCH, PRACH, and the first access path into RRC setup. Numerology and Subcarrier Spacing SCS, slot timing, and numerology behavior.
5G Call Flows
Dive into 5G procedures such as registration, security, session management, mobility, and radio-control workflows.
5G Call Flows Parent 5G call-flow hub linking major procedure categories. 5G Initial Registration Baseline registration flow from access to AMF handling. 5G PDU Session Establishment Session establishment across N1, N2, and user-plane setup. 5G N2 Handover Connected-mode mobility flow for active radio transfer. 5G Security Mode Procedure Security progression and AS protection flow. 5G Mobility Registration Update Registration update during movement or area change.
5G Tools
Access calculators and utilities for 5G radio planning, throughput checks, and protocol decoding.
5G Tools Parent tools hub for telecom engineering calculators and utilities. NR ARFCN Calculator Check NR band, ARFCN, and frequency mapping. NR GSCN Calculator Check SSB raster and synchronization planning. NR Throughput Calculator Estimate downlink and uplink throughput. NR Link Budget Calculator Evaluate 5G coverage assumptions and link margin. 3GPP Decoder Decode 5G and LTE signaling payloads during trace analysis.
5G Releases
Track 5G standards evolution through release-oriented reading paths and 5G-Advanced coverage.