What does SecurityModeFailure mean in 5G NR?

It means the UE could not successfully complete the AS security activation requested by SecurityModeCommand.

Who sends SecurityModeFailure?

The UE sends SecurityModeFailure to the gNB.

What comes before SecurityModeFailure?

SecurityModeCommand comes immediately before it in the failure branch.

What happens after SecurityModeFailure?

The network usually cannot continue normal protected RRC signaling and may release the connection or trigger recovery handling.

Does SecurityModeFailure explain the full reason in detail?

Usually no. Engineers often need surrounding trace context to understand the real root cause.

How is SecurityModeFailure different from SecurityModeComplete?

SecurityModeComplete confirms success, while SecurityModeFailure is the explicit UE-side failure path.